Mobile Application Part (MAP)¶
Overview¶
MAP (Mobile Application Part) is a crucial SS7 protocol that enables mobile networks to provide core services and roaming capabilities. It operates on top of the TCAP layer and is essential for mobile communications.
Key Features¶
- Location management and mobility
- Authentication and security procedures
- Short Message Service (SMS) handling
- Supplementary services
- Roaming support
- USSD operations
Protocol Versions¶
Version | Features | Use Cases |
---|---|---|
MAP v1 | Basic mobility, SMS | Legacy GSM networks |
MAP v2 | CAMEL Phase 1, Supplementary Services | 2G networks |
MAP v3 | CAMEL Phase ⅔, GPRS support | 3G networks |
MAP v4 | LTE roaming support | 4G integration |
Common Operations¶
Authentication¶
# Authentication Info Request
response = client.map.send_authentication_info(
imsi="123456789012345",
requested_vectors=3,
supported_algorithms=["MILENAGE", "COMP128v3"]
)
Location Updates¶
# Update Location
response = client.map.update_location(
imsi="123456789012345",
msc_number="441234567890",
vlr_number="441234567891"
)
Vendor Integration¶
Nokia HLR/HSS¶
- Product Line: Nokia NetAct Mobile Core
- Supported Versions: MAP v2/v3/v4
- Integration Methods:
- Direct SS7 connection via SIGTRAN
- Diameter interworking for EPC integration
- REST API gateway for cloud deployment
- Key Features:
- Enhanced security with IPSec support
- Geographic redundancy
- Load balancing with active-active configuration
- Real-time subscriber management
- Configuration Example:
Ericsson Mobile Switching¶
- Product Line: Ericsson Mobile Softswitch Solution
- Integration Options:
- M3UA/SIGTRAN connectivity
- Diameter interface for 4G/5G
- SOAP/REST APIs for OSS integration
- Advanced Features:
- Automated failover
- Traffic-based routing
- Integrated fraud detection
- Performance monitoring
- Configuration Example:
Huawei UMG (Universal Mobile Gateway)¶
- Product Line: Huawei Mobile Softswitch
- Deployment Options:
- Physical appliance
- NFV-based deployment
- Hybrid cloud integration
- Core Capabilities:
- Protocol conversion (MAP/Diameter/SIP)
- Flexible routing policies
- High-performance transaction handling
- Real-time analytics
- Configuration Example:
Oracle Communications HLR¶
- Product Line: Oracle Communications SDM
- Deployment Models:
- Cloud Native (Kubernetes)
- Bare Metal
- Hybrid Cloud
- Integration Features:
- REST API gateway
- Diameter integration
- SIGTRAN connectivity
- Database replication
- Configuration Example:
Integration Best Practices¶
Nokia Integration¶
-
Connection Setup
-
Subscriber Management
Ericsson Integration¶
-
Traffic Management
-
Performance Monitoring
Huawei Integration¶
-
Protocol Conversion
-
Route Management
Oracle Integration¶
-
Cloud Deployment
-
API Gateway Configuration
Best Practices¶
- Security
- Implement MAP filtering
- Use anti-spoofing measures
- Enable fraud detection
-
Regular security audits
-
Performance
- Connection pooling
- Load balancing
- Transaction rate limiting
-
Monitoring and alerting
-
Reliability
- Redundant connections
- Failover mechanisms
- Transaction persistence
- Error handling
Error Handling¶
Error Code | Description | Resolution |
---|---|---|
34 | System Failure | Check system resources |
35 | Data Missing | Verify mandatory parameters |
36 | Unexpected Data Value | Validate data format |
71 | Unknown Subscriber | Check IMSI/MSISDN |
Monitoring¶
Monitor these key metrics:
- Transaction success rate
- Response times
- Error distribution
- Network latency
- Resource utilization
Example Configurations¶
Basic Setup¶
map_config:
version: 3
routing_context: 100
network_indicator: international
point_code_format: ITU
security:
authentication: true
encryption: true
Advanced Configuration¶
map_config:
version: 3
routing_context: 100
network_indicator: international
point_code_format: ITU
security:
authentication: true
encryption: true
performance:
max_transactions: 1000
timeout: 10
retry_attempts: 3
monitoring:
enable_alerts: true
metrics_interval: 60